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Elbow pain when everyday tasks ask more.

Gripping a mug, carrying a bag or using a tool shouldn't leave you guessing about what's wrong. We'll tell you what we find, including when it's not something we treat.

Front anatomical view of arm & elbow, marked at: outside of the elbow
Outside of the elbow · About this area

Lateral elbow tendinopathy, often called tennis elbow, is pain on the outside of the elbow linked to the tendons that help control your wrist. You don't have to play tennis to get it. Other problems can hurt in the same spot, so we name elbow pain after an exam, not before.

What makes tennis elbow hurt?

Lifting, gripping and moving the wrist can all aggravate it. Some people also get an ache in the forearm or trouble straightening the arm. The NHS describes these patterns and recommends an assessment when symptoms persist after the first round of self-care.

The pattern helps point to the cause: which tasks set it off, how quickly it came on, and what changed at work, in a hobby or in training. Tingling, numbness or a changing grip may not be the tendon at all, so our exam also looks for an irritated nerve. Our arm pain guide explains why location alone can't settle it.

How is elbow tendinopathy managed early on?

Early care can include changing the tasks that aggravate it, exercises, symptom relief or a support.

Task changes can be small: a lighter load, a different grip, or shorter spells at any one task. Exercises need a starting load, a plan for flare-ups and a point to step up. Those depend on the exam and on how your symptoms respond, so there's no loading program here for an unexamined elbow.

What did a year-long trial find about steroid injections for tennis elbow?

In a 2013 randomized trial of persistent lateral elbow pain, a steroid injection was linked to worse recovery and more recurrence at one year than a placebo injection. Physical therapy didn't significantly change one-year recovery or recurrence.

That's one trial, not a verdict on every injection, and it didn't test chiropractic care, so we don't claim we'd do better. It does show that the one-year picture matters, recurrence included, not just the first few weeks.

When does elbow pain need prompt medical care?

After an injury, any of these needs a prompt medical assessment, not a routine tendon appointment: severe or worsening pain, major swelling, not being able to use the arm, any deformity, numbness, or a hand that turns cold or discolored. These are among the NHS injury warning signs.

What if your elbow isn't getting better?

When tennis elbow hangs on, checking one everyday task, like carrying groceries, at a set point shows if things are moving. If progress stalls, the diagnosis or the plan may need another look. Our arm and elbow section covers the problems nearby.

If we are not able to help you with your problem or are unable to reduce your pain levels, we will make sure to give you a recommendation to another experienced provider. If you're not sure it's tennis elbow at all, the exam is how we look for what else it could be.

Follow the evidence

Research, with context.

Selected published sources behind what we've written, each with what it found and what it can't tell us. We give you both halves because no paper can diagnose you or predict how your own care will go.

  1. Randomized controlled trial 2013

    Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial

    165 adults with lateral elbow pain lasting more than six weeks.

    What it foundSteroid recipients had lower recovery and more recurrence at one year than placebo recipients. Physiotherapy did not significantly change one-year recovery or recurrence.

    What it can't tell usThe results apply to these approaches to persistent lateral elbow pain. They don't show that chiropractic care is superior.

    Publication details & citation

    Coombes et al. Effect of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, or both on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.129.

    Read the publication record

Our editorial policy explains how to read these sources and what our clinical-review labels mean.